Ibyuma bizunguruka n'ibitandukanya: ibikoresho by'ingenzi muri RF na microwave

Mu miyoboro ya RF na mikoroonde, imiyoboro ya circulator na isolators ni ibikoresho bibiri by'ingenzi bikoreshwa cyane bitewe n'imikorere n'ikoreshwa ryabyo. Gusobanukirwa imiterere yabyo, imikorere yabyo n'uburyo bikoreshwa bizafasha injeniyeri guhitamo ibisubizo bikwiye mu miterere nyayo, bityo bikanoza imikorere ya sisitemu no kwizerwa.

1. Umuyoboro w'amazi: Umuyobozi ushinzwe icyerekezo cy'ibimenyetso

1. Imashini igabanya ubushyuhe bw'amaraso ni iki?
Imashini izunguruka ni igikoresho kidahuza gisanzwe gikoresha ibikoresho bya ferrite n'imbaraga rukuruzi zo hanze kugira ngo kigere ku buryo bumwe bwo kohereza ibimenyetso. Akenshi igira imiyoboro itatu, kandi ibimenyetso bishobora koherezwa gusa hagati y'imiyoboro mu cyerekezo kimwe. Urugero, kuva ku cyambu cya 1 kugera ku cyambu cya 2, kuva ku cyambu cya 2 kugera ku cyambu cya 3, no kuva ku cyambu cya 3 gusubira inyuma kugera ku cyambu cya 1.
2. Imirimo y'ingenzi y'icyuma gipima amaraso
Gukwirakwiza no guhuza ibimenyetso: gukwirakwiza ibimenyetso byinjiye ku byambu bitandukanye bisohoka mu cyerekezo gihamye, cyangwa guhuza ibimenyetso bivuye ku byambu byinshi mu byambu bimwe.
Kohereza no kwakira ukwakira: bikoreshwa nk'icyuma gikurura amakuru kugira ngo habeho ukwakira no kohereza ibimenyetso muri antene imwe.
3. Ibiranga ibikoresho bipima amaraso
Kudahuza: ibimenyetso bishobora koherezwa mu cyerekezo kimwe gusa, birinda kubangamirana inyuma.
Igihombo gito cyo gushyiramo: igihombo gito cy'ingufu mu gihe cyo kohereza ibimenyetso, cyane cyane kibereye gukoreshwa mu buryo bwo hejuru.
Inkunga ya Wideband: ishobora gukwirakwira mu ntera yagutse kuva kuri MHz kugeza kuri GHz.
4. Imikoreshereze isanzwe y'ibikoresho bigabanya amaraso
Sisitemu ya Radar: itandukanya transmitter n'iyakira kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibimenyetso byohereza bifite ingufu nyinshi byangiza igikoresho cyakira.
Sisitemu y'itumanaho: ikoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza ibimenyetso no guhinduranya imirongo ya antene nyinshi.
Sisitemu ya antena: ishyigikira ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'ibimenyetso byoherejwe n'ibyakiriwe kugira ngo inoze uburyo bwo guhagarara neza.

II. Isolation: uruzitiro rurinda ibimenyetso

1. Isolation ni iki?
Isolateri ni ubwoko bwihariye bw'imashini zizunguruka, ubusanzwe zifite ibyambu bibiri gusa. Inshingano yabyo nyamukuru ni ukubuza urumuri rw'ibimenyetso no gusubira inyuma, bikarinda ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga guhungabana.
2. Imirimo y'ingenzi y'ibikoresho bitandukanya
Gutandukanya ibimenyetso: gukumira ibimenyetso byagaragajwe gusubira inyuma mu bikoresho byo mu mpera z'isi (nk'ibikoresho byo kohereza ubutumwa cyangwa amplifiers) kugira ngo hirindwe ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa kwangirika k'imikorere y'ibikoresho.
Uburinzi bwa sisitemu: mu miyoboro ikomeye, ibikoresho bitandukanya ibikoresho bishobora gukumira ubwivanganzi hagati ya modules zegeranye no kunoza uburyo sisitemu yizewe.
3. Ibiranga ibikoresho bitandukanya
Kohereza amakuru mu cyerekezo kimwe: ikimenyetso gishobora koherezwa gusa kuva ku mpera y’inyongera kugeza ku mpera y’umusaruro, kandi ikimenyetso gisubira inyuma kirahagarikwa cyangwa kigashyirwamo.
Gutandukanya ibintu byinshi: bitanga ingaruka zikomeye zo guhosha ibimenyetso byagaragaye, akenshi bigera kuri 20dB cyangwa birenga.
Igihombo gito cyo gushyiramo: gituma ingufu zitakaza mu gihe cyo kohereza ikimenyetso gisanzwe ziba nke cyane uko bishoboka kose.
4. Imikoreshereze isanzwe ya "insolators"
Uburinzi bwa amplifier ya RF: burinda ibimenyetso byagaragaye kugira ngo bitabangamira imikorere cyangwa ngo byangize amplifier.
Sisitemu y'itumanaho idakoresha insinga: shyira module ya RF muri sisitemu ya antene ya sitasiyo y'ibanze.
Ibikoresho byo gupima: gukuraho ibimenyetso bigaragara mu gikoresho cyo gupima kugira ngo wongere ubuhanga mu gupima.

III. Ni gute wahitamo igikoresho gikwiye?

Mu gushushanya imiyoboro ya RF cyangwa mikorobe, guhitamo imiyoboro cyangwa imiyoboro bigomba gushingira ku bisabwa byihariye mu ikoreshwa:
Niba ukeneye gukwirakwiza cyangwa guhuza ibimenyetso hagati y’ibyambu byinshi, ni byiza gukoresha circulator.
Niba intego nyamukuru ari ukurinda igikoresho cyangwa kugabanya ingaruka z'ibimenyetso byagaragaye, ibikoresho bitandukanya amashanyarazi ni amahitamo meza.
Byongeye kandi, ibipimo by'inshuro zikoreshwa, igihombo cyo kwinjira, kwitandukanya n'ingano y'igikoresho bigomba gusuzumwa neza kugira ngo harebwe ko ibipimo by'imikorere ya sisitemu runaka byuzuye.

IV. Inzira z'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza

Bitewe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ridafite insinga, icyifuzo cyo gukoresha uburyo bwo gupima no gukora neza kw'ibikoresho bya RF na microwave gikomeje kwiyongera. Ibyuma bipima n'ibitandukanya nabyo bigenda bitera imbere buhoro buhoro mu byerekezo bikurikira:
Inkunga y'inshuro nyinshi: gushyigikira imiyoboro y'imiraba ya milimetero (nk'iya 5G na radar y'imiraba ya milimetero).
Igishushanyo mbonera cyahujwe: cyahujwe n'ibindi bikoresho bya RF (nk'amafiriti n'ibigabanya ingufu) kugira ngo binoze imikorere ya sisitemu.
Igiciro gito no gukora ibintu bike: koresha ibikoresho bishya n'uburyo bwo kubitunganya kugira ngo ugabanye ikiguzi kandi uhuze n'ibikenewe mu bikoresho bya terminal.